Institute of Political Studies

Projects and contracts |

Projects

SNSF Projects

The rise of negative voting
2020 - 2024 (60 mois)
Applicant : Diego Garzia
Other partners : Frederico Ferreira Da Silva
Comparative analyses describe a long-term trend showing increasing distrust in political parties and party leaders across the Western world. This appears to be driven by the voters' tendency to emotionally distance themselves from the party they support while increasingly disliking parties and candidates they do not support. Early literature repeatedly referred to negativity biases in voters' choice-voters can cast a ballot "against" rather than "for" candidates. However, this claim has only very seldom been tested empirically outside the United States. This project's major aim is to offer a comprehensive (comparative and longitudinal) assessment of the drivers of negative voting, its impact on individual-level patterns of electoral behavior, and consider about the possible implications for democratic politics.
The theoretical framework departs from the intuition that an increasingly confrontational style of campaigning and political communication-and the rise of negative identifications in a context of partisan dealignment and strong political personalization-could all be driving a distinctive form of negatively-driven voting behavior. Three broad research questions emerge in this context: What are the drivers of negativity in voters' attitudes toward parties and party leaders? What are the effects of negativity on patterns of electoral participation and party choice? Has the impact of negativity on voting behavior increased across time?

POLAP1-199711/1

The Right-Wing Populist Discourse in European Cross-Border Areas. A comparison between Switzerland and Luxembourg (CROSS-POP)
2019 - 2023 (48 mois)
Applicant : Oscar Mazzoleni
Other partners : Christian Lamour - LISER - Luxembourg
The goal of this research project is to focus on the right-wing populist discourse (RPD) in European cross-border regions. RPD has increasingly interested scholars in political science and political communication, but mainly at the state- national scale. A limited number of studies on discourse produced by right-wing populist actors in the borderland regions of Europe have been published. As one of the tenets of right-wing populist parties is state re-bordering, we consider that RPD and its mass-mediated representation at this spatial scale deserves specific research attention. The project will be structured around the three following research questions: 1) Is there a RPD which is specific to European border regions characterized by cross-border economic interdependence? 2) Is there a convergence of RPD at the scale of European cross- border regions? 3) Do the mass media located in Europe borderlands promote right-wing populism? Trying to fill the gap in the above-mentioned issues and questions, this project follows a comparative approach focusing on four different case studies where successful right-wing populist parties have arisen in the last two decades. Three of them directly involve Switzerland and its neighbouring French and Italian regions: the areas centred on Geneva, Basel and Ticino. The fourth one involves Luxembourg and the nearby French region.

Urban Transformations and Local Political Elites: A Comparative Study among four Swiss Cities
2016 - 2020 (48 mois)
Applicant : Oscar Mazzoleni, Andrea Pilotti et André Mach (co-requérants)
Other partners : Roberto Di Capua, Karim Lasseb
This project aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the profile of urban elected representatives over time in connection with urban transformation. To what extent do social, institutional, and political changes affect the profile of the elected representatives? And is it possible to observe an increasing democratization and professionalization of the urban political elite? Assuming sub-national legacies are crucial in the evolution of urban political elites, this project simultaneously adopts a comparative approach and a prosopographic perspective able to take into account change and persistence over time. The research will focus on the evolution of four cities in Switzerland which represent different legacies among the main urban Municipalities, from demographic, institutional, economic, and political point of view. For each of the municipalities involved, we will analyze the evolution of the elected representatives (age, training, profession, gender, and political longevity) in legislative and executive institutions in the period between 1946 and 2016, in relation to socio-economic, institutional, and political transformations.

The apostles of the market economy: Swiss protagonists and networks of global neoliberalism (1969-1995)
2023 - 2027 (48 mois)
Applicant : Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl
Other partners : Hadrien Buclin, Margaux Lang, Gabriella Lima, Steven Piguet

Les institutions politiques suisses à l'épreuve d'un scandale : emergence et désamorçage du scandale des fiches
2015 - 2018 (36 mois)
Applicant : Bernard Voutat (co-requérant) et André Mach (co-requérant)
Other partners : Hervé Rayner (chercheur), Fabien Thetaz (doctorant)
Swiss political institutions put to the test: the emergence of the secret files scandal and how it was defused.

Les conséquences biographiques de l'engagement durant la décennie mouvementée (1968-78) en Suisse
2015 - 2018 (36 mois)
Applicant : Cécile Péchu, Olivier Fillieule, Philippe Gottraux
Other partners : Nuno Pereira
The biographical consequences of activism in Switzerland during the "contentious decade" (1968-78)

Political Parties and Election Campaigns in Post-war Switzerland
2012 - 2016 (50 mois)
Applicant : Oscar Mazzoleni
Other partners : Carolina Rossini

Les syndicats et l'égalité (SynEga)
2011 - 2013 (38 mois)
Applicant : Olivier Fillieule

Activists' Carriers in Politcal Parties : Authoritarian Settings
2010 - 2012 (33 mois)
Applicant : Mounia Bennani-Chraïbi
Other partners : Philippe Blanchard, Mohamed Jeghllaly
In the Middle East and in North Africa, Islamism and involvement in voluntary associations have elicited researchers' interest, due to fears stirred up by one and hopes raised by the other. Furthermore, one idea is strongly present: the cyclic movement of activist generations with different ideologies throughout the contemporary history of the region. By examining the different types of activism in parallel fashion, rather than opposing them, this research project plans to improve and extend our knowledge of partisan activism in an authoritarian context, specifically in the Middle East and North Africa. Starting with the Moroccan case, which has been undergoing liberalization propitious to the inquiry, on one hand, it aims to analyze its sociological characteristics, the conditions and the pools from which members of ten political organizations are recruited (nationalist, leftist, extreme-leftist, Islamist, etc.). On the other hand, it seeks to clarify the modalities by which partisan activist careers are transformed at the individual and collective level.
From a sociological and comparative perspective, the objective is to examine three blind spots in the work on partisan activism: the links between social mobility and activism; the circulation of commitments between partisan spaces, unions and organized groups; and the effects of repression and cooptation on activists' careers. In adapting theoretical approaches to partisan activism to an authoritarian context, this project hopes to open up new theoretical perspectives through the decompartmentalization of research fields. In addition, the linking of qualitative and quantitative methods (the administration of a questionnaire at the national conventions of six political parties and within the Moroccan Parliament), the scale of the investigation, and its innovative character in the Middle East and North African region, at a sensitive political point in time, also allow us to hope to make a contribution to the methodological debate.

Droit et politique dans la révision totale de la Constitution fédérale
2010 - 2013 (36 mois)
Applicant : Voutat Bernard
Other partners : Pascal Mahon (co-requérant), Marc Renkens et Olivier Bigler (doctorants)

The Rise of a New Actor in the Public Sphere (Islam in Switzerland)
2007 - 2010 (36 mois)
Applicant : Mounia Bennani-Chraïbi
Other partners : Sophie Nedjar, Samina Mesgarzadeh

Rapports aux valeurs et engagements populistes de droite en Suisse
2003 - 2009 (36 mois)
Applicant : Olivier Fillieule, Philippe Gottraux, Oscar Mazzoleni
Other partners : Cécile Péchu
Projet de recherche mené dans le cadre du PNR 40+ "Extrémisme de droite - causes et contre-mesures"
Des interviews détaillées menées avec 40 militants des sections genevoise et zurichoise de l'UDC permettent de tirer certaines conclusions sur les valeurs centrales des membres de ce parti. Leurs valeurs communes sont la méfiance vis-à-vis de l'étranger et un lien défensif à la nation. Leur méfiance n'est pas étayée par une argumentation; en général, les étrangers sont soupçonnés de profiter de la Suisse et de ne pas vraiment s'intégrer. Quant à leur lien défensif à la nation, il se fonde sur une fierté profonde d'être Suisse et leur haute estime de ce pays qu'ils perçoivent comme un cas particulier d'un point de vue culturel, politique, religieux et économique. Toute critique par rapport à la Suisse est récusée. Les membres actifs de l'UDC présentent différentes attitudes vis-à-vis à l'antiétatisme et dès lors au libéralisme économique, à la dévalorisation de la classe politique et dès lors de l'élite, ainsi que par rapport à certaines positions culturelles conservatrices (notamment quant aux rôles des genres).

Rockefeller fellows as heralds of globalization: the circulation of elites, knowledge, and practices of modernization (1920s-1970s)
2018 - 2022
Applicant : Ludovic Tournès UNIGE, Davide Rodogno (IHEID), Thomas David UNIL
Other partners : Yi-Tang Lin, Ahmad Fahoum, Hannah Tyler, Mathilde Sigalas, Steven Piguet
Le projet constitue une analyse critique des processus de mondialisation contemporains à partir du programme "Fellowships" de la fondation Rockefeller. Ce programme, qui a fonctionné entre 1917 et 1970, a impliqué plus de 10,000 boursiers de près de 100 pays venus d'une multitude de champs disciplinaires dans le domaine des sciences de la nature, des sciences sociales, de la médecine et des humanités. A travers ce programme, la fondation Rockefeller entendait former des scientifiques et des praticiens dans tous les pays du monde afin de les faire participer aux processus de modernisation de leurs pays respectifs et contribuer ainsi à construire un monde fondé sur la paix internationale, l'ouverture des marchés et la stabilité politique et sociale des Etats-nations.
Le projet est fondé sur la combinaison de l'analyse quantitative et qualitative et sur la combinaison des échelles mondiale (le projet de la fondation Rockefeller) et locale (les parcours individuels des boursiers-fellows).
Sur le plan quantitatif, il vise à créer une base de données de l'ensemble des fellows de la fondation Rockefeller, qui permettra d'avoir une vision globale du phénomène. A l'issue du projet, cette base sera rendue accessible à l'ensemble de la communauté scientifique.
Sur le plan qualitatif, le projet s'attachera à étudier plus spécifiquement des groupes limités de fellows dans différents secteurs disciplinaires (ou transdisciplinaires), à différentes périodes, et dans différentes aires géographiques, et ce, sur le long terme (tout au long des carrières des fellows). Trois grandes directions de recherche seront privilégiées :
1/ l'organisation et la gestion d'un programme de bourse mondial par la fondation Rockefeller sur une période de plus d'un demi-siècle ;
2/ l'élaboration de savoirs sur les problèmes mondiaux contemporains ;
3/ Les pratiques de modernisation mises en place sur le terrain par les fellows et leur relation avec le projet mondial de la fondation Rockefeller.

La financiarisation des transferts de fonds
2017 - 2021 (50 mois)
Applicant : Rahel Kunz
Depuis deux décennies, les transferts de fonds que les migrant·e·s font parvenir à leurs familles et communautés d'origine ont attiré l'attention de multiples acteurs internationaux ainsi que d'acteurs étatiques et non étatiques. Dans le contexte de l'agenda global de l'inclusion financière, les transferts de fonds ont été rattachés à des initiatives de financiarisation dans le but de promouvoir le développement et l'émancipation des femmes. Ce phénomène suscite actuellement l'intérêt de la communauté académique et du monde politique.

A travers la financiarisation, les transferts de fonds sont rattachés à des initiatives d'éducation financière, à des services financiers et à certaines formes d'innovation financière. Ce phénomène a surtout été analysé au niveau macro en focalisant sur les pays industrialisés, soit sous un angle économique qui promeut la financiarisation, soit dans une perspective qui critique la financiarisation comme un nouveau site néolibéral d'exploitation capitaliste aux dépens des migrant·e·s et de leurs familles. Ce qui n'a pas encore été étudié de manière approfondie ce sont les enjeux politiques et les multiples manifestations empiriques de ce phénomène global. A l'aide de trois études de cas au Kenya, au Mexique et au Népal, ce projet analyse les éléments socioculturels institutionnels et discursifs qui caractérisent le phénomène de la financiarisation dans ces contextes spécifiques.

En combinant les théories foucaldiennes et féministes avec une approche de l'économie politique internationale du quotidien, ce projet vise à développer une nouvelle conceptualisation de la financiarisation. Ce projet trouve un fort écho avec le G20 et la Banque Mondiale qui s'intéressent actuellement au phénomène de la financiarisation des transferts de fonds et à la financiarisation de manière plus générale.

https://www.unil.ch/crhim/fr/home/menuinst/recherche/recherche-en-cours/the-financialisation-of-remittances.html

PR3: Transnational private regulation, production regimes and power resources
2017 - 2021 (48 mois)
Applicant : Jean-Christophe Graz (lead investigator)
Transnational private regulation systems like corporate codes of conduct and multistakeholder standards on labour, environment or human rights claim to respond to the governance deficits that have arisen as a result of the generalization of global production networks. Yet, little consensus exists about the effectiveness of their monitoring and enforcement practices or their ultimate impact.
Aims
Stepping back from conventional debates on the overall effectiveness of transnational private regulation, the project focuses instead on agency: the effect of private regulation on the capacity of those involved, especially workers, to act in local contexts. This shift in perspective allows us to explore how different types of transnational labour regulation, different national settings and different firm-level contexts of application combine to form what we call hybrid production regimes. The four-country study (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Brazil) examines how those regimes vary in the degree to which they support workers' collective capacity to take action to improve their own conditions of employment.
Context
Since the 1990s and the beginning of the latest phase in the globalization of production, concern has intensified about the responsibility of businesses in global subcontracting chains for abuses of power, exploitation of labour, and inequality. Many private regulation systems claim to address this concern by incentivizing voluntary respect for the International Labour Organization's fundamental labour standards. The effectiveness of this approach remains a complex and highly debated issue. Further knowledge on the topic is a critical element in improving the quality of a key debate on the governance of globalization that is often characterized by oversimplified and self-serving arguments.

De la régulation au « développement ». Modernisation, accès au savoir et politiques éducatives dans l'âge global (1929-1961)
2016 - 2019
Applicant : Damiano Matasci
Projet de recherche AMBIZIONE

Ce projet de recherche propose une histoire de l'aide au développement par l'éducation, de son émergence pendant l'entre-deux-guerres jusqu'au début des années 60. En s'intéressant à l'action des organisations internationales, il analyse plus précisément comment des dispositifs éducatifs pensés pour l'Europe en crise des années 30, destinés notamment à réguler l'accès au marché du travail et à favoriser le redressement économique des pays occidentaux, sont redéployés après la Seconde Guerre mondiale dans les pays dits du « Tiers-Monde » et intégrés dans les politiques internationales de développement.
Fondée en 1945, l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture (Unesco) joue un rôle pivot dans cette évolution. C'est pour cela qu'elle sera prise comme un point d'observation pour 1) examiner les cadres normatifs, les modèles pédagogiques et les nombreux programmes internationaux mis en place pour lutter contre l'analphabétisme et promouvoir l'accès à une éducation dite de base, 2) saisir les continuités et les ruptures avec les premiers projets élaborés dès l'entre-deux-guerres et 3) étudier les interactions avec d'autres organismes internationaux, les Ong et les empires coloniaux (la France et ses territoires d'AOF et AEF seront pris comme étude de cas).
Reposant sur l'exploitation de fonds d'archives encore inédits, le projet éclairera la place de l'éducation dans les politiques internationales de développement à une période charnière du processus de décolonisation et de la Guerre froide. Il permettra aussi d'appréhender d'une manière novatrice l'histoire des organisations internationales, et plus en particulier celle de l'Unesco, notamment dans ses interactions avec les politiques coloniales et postcoloniales. Enfin, il apportera une contribution originale à l'histoire dite « globale », en analysant le rôle joué par l'éducation dans les échanges, transferts et connexions qui structurent le processus de globalisation au XXe siècle.

Suisse et décolonisation: le cas de l'Association des Suisses spoliés d'Algérie ou d'outre-mer (ASSAOM)
2016 - 2019
Applicant : Stéfanie Prezioso, Sandro Cattacin (UNIGE)
Other partners : Marisa Fois (UNIGE)
Bien que la Suisse ne puisse pas être considérée comme une puissance coloniale, elle a participé à la colonisation: les personnes qui ont migré sont devenus colons et propriétaires fonciers, ils ont créé des entreprises commerciales et industrielles, ils ont vécu à l'étranger pendant plusieurs générations et contribué à la création de ce que l'on appelle la « communauté des Suisses à l'étranger ». Ils ont donc été touchés directement par le processus de décolonisation.

Postdoctoral fellowship - Early Postdoc.Mobility
2016 - 2017 (18 mois)
Applicant : Lucile Maertens
Securitization of the Environment from the UN Field: The case of Haiti

Gouverner la biodiversité : La place des communautés locales dans un contexte de regimes enchevêtrés.
2015 - 2018
Applicant : Yohan Ariffin, Jean-Christophe Graz (co-requérant)
La reconnaissance du droit des communautés locales, autochtones et/ou paysannes, à une protection des savoir-faire qu'elles ont développés dans leurs rapports à la nature sauvage ou cultivée se fonde sur une représentation communautaire de la juris possessio ou possession d'un droit, lequel en l'occurrence s'applique aux savoirs traditionnels que les membres d'une communauté donnée détiendraient collectivement. Cette reconnaissance a été intégrée à des titres divers dans cinq instances participant à la gouvernance mondiale de la biodiversité (CDB, FAO, OMPI, OIT, UNPFII).
Ce projet a pour objectifs d'étudier :

- les stratégies discursives et institutionnelles poursuivies à cet effet par des acteurs politiques et civiques ;

- les opportunités et contraintes qui se sont présentées à ces acteurs en raison de l'enchevêtrement des instruments juridiques en vigueur à l'échelle internationale ;

- la mesure dans laquelle les principaux Etats « fournisseurs » et « utilisateurs » de ressources génétiques ont effectivement introduit dans leurs juridictions nationales des systèmes protégeant les savoir-faire autochtones et/ou paysans.

Adoptant une approche de sociologie politique des relations internationales, le projet analyse les discours et pratiques d'acteurs non seulement gouvernementaux, mais aussi civiques, contribuant ainsi à une compréhension plus complète du processus étudié. Il examine dans quelle mesure l'existence d'une multiplicité d'accords avantage les Etats prépondérants ou au contraire les acteurs moins puissants. Enfin, le projet évalue l'effectivité normative de la protection des savoirs locaux, autochtones et/ou paysans, associés à la biodiversité dans trois importants pays « fournisseurs » (Brésil, Inde et Pérou) et dans deux pays (la Suisse et les Etats-Unis) ainsi qu'une région (l'Union européenne) « utilisateurs » où se concentrent la grande majorité des brevets sur le vivant.

The Gender Dimensions of Social Conflicts, Armed Violence and Peacebuilding
2014 - 2020 (72 mois)
Applicant : Prof. Elisabeth Prügl
This R4D research is designed as a micro-level study of intersectionally gendered conflict management and peacebuilding practices, comparing communities in three regions of Indonesia and Nigeria that have experienced different types of conflict. The project explores the following two overarching research questions: what is the connection between gender relations, the level of violence a community is exposed to in a conflict setting, and its capacity for violence prevention? How does gender inform peacebuilding practices in intersection with other identity categories and to what effect?

The project aims to identify different types of local conflict management and peacebuilding practices and their links to extra-local norms and initiatives with particular attention to the role that intersectionally gendered identities play in these practices.

http://graduateinstitute.ch/home/research/centresandprogrammes/genre/gender-dimensions-of-conflict.html

Regulation in developing countries: Electricity in Northern Africa
2023 - 2027 (48 mois)
Applicant : Emmanuelle Mathieu
Other partners : Noel Löcse, Colin Pache
In the face of rising concerns for energy security and for climate change, huge investment projects about the production of renewable energies in Northern Africa are under consideration. Attracting investments require adopting credible investor friendly policies. In this context, international organisations push for the adoption of liberalization and regulatory reforms, coupled with the creation of independent regulatory agencies. This project focusses on the electricity sector reforms adopted in the region, with a particular emphasis on the Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian cases. In a bottom-up approach, it examines and explains the extent to which these reforms depart from the international prescription, and evaluates the impact of different policy designs observed on the level of private investments. The research contributes to our understanding of the factors of diffusion of regulatory agencies in developing countries, of the dynamics of economic reforms in Northern Africa, and on the factors of development policy success.

Le spectacle de la révolution. Histoire des commémorations de la révolution russe d'Octobre 1917
2014 - 2017
Applicant : Gianni Haver, Stéfanie Prezioso
Other partners : Valérie Gorin
Le spectacle de la révolution désigne la chorégraphie, ainsi que ses multiples représentations visuelles, par lesquelles le pouvoir soviétique se met en scène chaque 7 novembre à l'occasion des commémorations de l'acte fondateur du régime. S'inscrivant au croisement des politiques de la mémoire, de la révolution culturelle et des mobilisations propagandistes, les célébrations de la révolution russe d'Octobre 1917 participent des rituels politiques.

Academic Elites in Switzerland (1910-2000): between Autonomy and Power
2013 - 2016 (36 mois)
Applicant : Félix Bühlmann, André Mach et Thomas David

Switzerland and the Cold War. The Swiss Political and Economic Role in the Main Armed Conflicts and Crisis in Subsaharian Africa and the Middle East, 973-1983
2013 - 2016 (36 mois)
Applicant : Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl
Other partners : Sandra Bott

Philanthropy and social vulnerability in Switzerland (1890-1920)
2013 - 2016
Applicant : Brigitte Studer Univ. Bern, Thomas David
Other partners : Sonja Matter

Homosexualités en Suisse de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale aux années sida
2013 - 2016
Applicant : Stéfanie Prezioso
Other partners : Vincent Barras, Thierry Delessert, Céline Naef
Cette recherche se situe aux croisements de l'histoire sociale et culturelle, de l'histoire politique et judiciaire, et de l'histoire médicale et psychiatrique, au cours d'une période qui se caractérise schématiquement par le passage du « placard » - métaphore symbolisant l'invisibilité des homosexuel-e-s au cours des deux décennies suivant la guerre - au « coming out » - stratégie d'affirmation identitaire et politique apparaissant au cours des années 1970.

Gender Experts and Gender Expertise
2013 - 2015 (36 mois)
Applicant : Prof. Elisabeth Prugl
This project examines the construction of gender experts and gender expertise in transnational spaces. We seek to understand
(a) how gender experts are organised;
(b) how gender experts and gender expertise are constructed and reconstructed in transnational encounters; and
(c) what gender expertise is and what the effects are of its application in two issue areas, namely security and development.

We suggest that the circulation of gender experts and gender expertise takes place in transnational social fields and propose to explore structures and processes operating in these fields through empirical research with entry points at the headquarters of international (governmental and non-governmental) organizations and in three case countries, i.e., Colombia, Mali, and Nepal. The project contributes to the literature on gender mainstreaming, which emphasizes the empowering potential of this strategy, but also has warned of the disempowering effects of the professionalization and "governmentalisation" of feminist knowledge, by providing empirical evidence of the way in which the emerging profession of gender experts is structured and by exploring the way in which power operates through the wielding of gender expertise. It also contributes to the emerging field of international political sociology by offering evidence of the way in which knowledge about gender travels in transnational spaces described by expert networks and of the translations it undergoes in these travels. Our multi-disciplinary, multi-method research design combines a survey, semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis.

When international gender norms travel: Analyzing Gender Mainstreaming in Security Sector Reform (SSR)
2013 - 2014 (18 mois)
Applicant : Rahel Kunz

Formes de régulation transnationale: Comment des réseaux et des institutions ont modelé les société et les marchés tout au long du 20e siècle
2012 - 2015 (36 mois)
Applicant : Martin Lengwiller
Other partners : M. Leimgruber, D. Rodogno, S. Kott, T. David, L. Breton
Site web: http://transnationalism.unibas.ch

The emergence of late 20th C. century globalization has led many social scientists to investigate the international, supranational and «global» dimensions of humanitarian intervention, environmental issues, markets mechanisms, consumer societies, or the diffusion of cultural goods, services and production methods. The growing role of the US economy, of its organizational modes, its commercial and marketing style, as well as its cultural models, have also figured prominently in the current phase of internationalization and globalization. Heated debates about the so-called «knowledge society» and «post-industrialism» have also constituted a leitmotiv of this historical phase.

This sinergia project engages with these debates by focusing on a number of topics such as: the regulation of market societies through social and private insurance, the regulation of international services, social assistance and the influence of philanthropy on international public health. In our view these interrelated dimensions constitute complementary empirical fields dealing with the regulation of social and market risks inherent to our contemporary societies. Our research groups study these fields in a historical perspective rather than focusing only on recent developments, as most of the «globalization» scholarship tend to do. Our network intends to contribute to the history of globalization and international relations by emphasizing and historicizing new patterns and agents of change beyond states and markets.

Les élites suisses au 20e siècle: un processus de différenciation inachevé?
2007 - 2010
Applicant : André Mach, Thomas David
Other partners : Andrea Pilotti, Stéphanie Ginalski, Frédéric Rebmann, Steven Piguet
Après plusieurs années de désintérêt des sciences sociales, l'étude des élites connaît un certain renouveau ces dernières années dans la littérature internationale. Longtemps célébrées comme une clef du succès du pays, en termes d'intégration politique ou de performances économiques, les élites suisses ont fait récemment l'objet de critiques de plus en plus fortes, qui leur reprochent de concentrer le pouvoir entre les mains d'un cercle restreint depersonnes: ainsi parle-t-on de plus en plus fréquemment de «société fermée» ou du «Filz helvétique».La littérature sociologique internationale sur les élites a souligné durant la période d'après-guerre la formation d'élites spécialisées propres à un domaine en raison de la diversification et de la professionnalisation de la société. En Suisse, il semblerait que ce processus de différenciation soit largement resté inachevé, en raison de la persistance d'une forte imbrication des élites des différentes sphères de la société. Ce type de questionnement à propos des élites helvétiques n 'a toutefois été que très peu traité dans la littérature historique, sociologique et politologique.Ce projet de recherche propose de combler cette à travers l'analyse des élites suisses des cinq principales sphères de la société (économie, politique, administration et justice, sphère académique et presse écrite) pour cinq dates couvrant les grandes étapes de l'histoire suisse au cours du 20e siècle (1910, 1937, 1957, 1980 et 2000). Ce projet permettra de mieux comprendre les interrelations entre les élites des différentes sphères de la société et leur évolution, de dresser un portrait collectif des élites pour ces cinq dates, et, enfin, d'analyser les changements de leur profil au cours du 20e siècle.

Le mouvement de 1968 en Suisse, le militantisme comme raison d'être et mode de vie 1965-1978
2007 - 2010
Applicant : Jean Batou, Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl, Brigitte Studer

Evaluation du programme des bourses FNS
2009 - 2010 (11 mois)
Applicant : Jean-Philippe Leresche, Gaël Goastelle
Other partners : Ramuz R., Adangnikou N., Pekari N.

Réglementations du "gouvernement d'entreprises" en Suisse: Origine, évolution et changements récents du comportement des entreprises.
2003 - 2006
Applicant : Thomas David
Other partners : André Mach, Gerhard Schnyder, Martin Lüpold and François Barrial
Le thème du gouvernement d'entreprises connaît aujourd'hui une actualité considérable en Suisse suite à la crise spectaculaire de certaines grandes entreprises dont le manque de transparence a été vivement critiqué. En réaction à ces événements, la principale association faîtière de l'économie suisse (Economiesuisse) et la Bourse suisse ont élaboré un «code de bonne conduite» en matière de gouvernement d'entreprises. De manière plus générale, on constate au cours de la dernière décennie un certain nombre de changements importants en matière de gouvernement d'entreprises en Suisse, dans le sens d'un renforcement du rôle des actionnaires, sous l'effet notamment de la libéralisation des marchés financiers et des récents changements législatifs.

La problématique du gouvernement d'entreprises peut se résumer brièvement par l'étude des interactions entre les différents acteurs parties prenantes dans le fonctionnement d'une entreprise (actionnaires, managers et employés principalement) qui sont codifiées dans un cadre réglementaire et légal. Un tel objet d'étude a essentiellement été abordé par des travaux juridiques et économiques, alors que la dimension politique, prenant en compte les rapports de force sociaux et le rôle des institutions, et l'évolution historique du gouvernement d'entreprises sont restées largement négligées. Nous proposons dans le cadre de ce projet de recherche d'analyser dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, combinant les apports de la science politique et de l'histoire, l'évolution du cadre réglementaire du gouvernement d'entreprises en Suisse ainsi que les transformations récentes des pratiques des entreprises. Notre projet comporte trois volets, les deux premiers portant sur la mise en place, l'évolution et les débats politiques autour des diverses réformes du cadre réglementaire du gouvernement d'entreprises, et le troisième sur les changements de comportement et de stratégies des entreprises au cours des vingt dernières années.

The metaphorical characterization of equilibrium, economic crises, and business cycles
2017 - 2020
Applicant : Roberto Baranzini
Other partners : Harro Maas, Daniele Besomi, Justine Loulergue, Marius Küster
The recent financial and economic crisis has brought to the fore the difficulties current economics has in explaining -let alone forecasting- such events. Some economists reacted by arguing the case for alternative approaches, drawing in particular on Marxist and Keynesian ideas. Instead, our proposal takes a historical perspective: we want to inquire into the reflection on crises at the time of the shaping of modern economics, namely towards the 1870s when the 'marginalist revolution' in economics took place. This was also the time when crises theories started to be recast in terms of theories of the business cycle. Our aim is to examine the theoretical paths that have been followed and those that have been discarded in the actual historical development of the discipline, in order to enable an assessment of the potentialities that have been lost.The focus will be on the following problem. Economic crises have recurred at semi-regular decennial intervals during most of the 19th century. Economists and commentators have produced multiple explanations of the phenomenon, which was often interpreted as being caused by something breaking the equilibrium that characterizes the normal state of the economy. These writers therefore postulated the existence of a relationship between crises and equilibrium (or 'normality') which, however, was rarely specified in a precise manner.We aims at characterizing more precisely the nature of this relationship, as seen by different economic schools and within the main European national traditions in economics in the decades around 1870.

The Historiography of Contemporary Economics
2017 - 2018 (3 mois)
Applicant : Harro Maas
Other partners : Till Düppe (UQAM); Roy Weintraub (Duke University)
Recently, historians of economics have begun to study the ideas, practices, and social
impact of contemporary economists. Mainstream economists, economic sociologists,
and historians of science have taken notice. These new studies in matters beyond
canonical texts and "schools" force attention to new historiographic problems regarding
the utilization of sources, choices about historiographic method, choices of narrative
styles, and issues of ethics. Writing the history of contemporary economics changes
the character of the subdiscipline of the history of economics itself and heightens
economists' awareness of the historian's place, role, and task. This conference aims at
the discussion of practical methodological issues that arise from the writing of the
recent history of economics. It gathers contributions from leading historians and
philosophers of economics and historians of economics still early in their career who
have opened up the history of contemporary economics and framed an important set of
methodological approaches to constructing histories useful for economists,
sociologists, and historians.The conference will thus provide, for the first time in this
subfield, a methodological overview of the historiography of economics, something that
is standard in the history of science.

Sortition in Switzerland
2016 - 2019
Applicant : Antoine Chollet
Other partners : Biancamaria Fontana, Aurèle Dupuis, Alexandre Fontaine, Maxime Mellina
Entre le XVIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle apparaît en effet une grande variété d'utilisations du tirage au sort dans ce qui deviendra la Suisse, réparties selon quatre foyers principaux : les cité-États oligarchiques, les cantons « démocratiques », la répartition de certains biens dans les communautés alpines et les institutions de la République Helvétique (1798-1803). L'intérêt exceptionnel des cas suisses est multiple. Ils constituent tout d'abord des exemples extrêmement tardifs d'utilisation du tirage au sort en Europe, peut-être même parmi les derniers, du moins pour des communautés politiques souveraines. Leur persistance jusqu'au moment de la disparition presque totale du tirage au sort en fait des exemples précieux, qui nous permettront de mieux comprendre les raisons d'une disparition qui demeure encore aujourd'hui partiellement inexpliquée dans les travaux consacrés à la question. Ils offrent ensuite quelques-uns des très rares exemples, avec l'Athènes antique mais selon des modalités évidemment très différentes, d'utilisation du tirage au sort dans des communautés organisées de manière démocratique. La comparaison des différents foyers, et notamment des deux premiers, permettra enfin d'apporter quelques éléments supplémentaires à la compréhension de la nature ambivalente du tirage au sort, à la fois démocratique et oligarchique, égalitaire et exclusif. Toute recherche sur le tirage au sort est aussi un travail sur l'oubli et le recouvrement de pratiques autrefois largement répandues. L'étrange rareté des mentions faites à cette procédure dans les travaux historiques est en elle-même significative d'un effacement plus général des expériences démocratiques. C'est donc autant à une redécouverte qu'à une exhumation qu'invite ce projet de recherche, avec les problèmes méthodologiques redoutables qu'une pareille entreprise entraîne. De nature interdisciplinaire, il se situe à l'intersection de l'histoire des idées et des institutions et de la théorie politique.

L'économie politique classique redéfinie: Léconomiste et sociologue russo-suisse N.I. Sieber
2016 - 2019 (36 mois)
Applicant : François Allisson (Unil) et Danila Raskov (Univ. d'Etat de Saint-Pétersbourg, Russie)

Publications des oeuvres économiques complètes de Sismonde
2014 - 2015 (24 mois)
Applicant : Bridel Pascal, Baranzini Roberto
Other partners : Dal Degan, Francesca ; Eyguesier Nicolas
Avec de Saussure, Walras, Pareto, Piaget et quelques autres, Sismondi appartient à la toute petite élite de penseurs qui ont mis la Suisse sur la carte des sciences humaines. Ce produit des Lumières, héritier de l'approche smithienne, est l'un des tout premiers utilisateurs de la méthode mathématique en économie, mais aussi et surtout, et beaucoup plus que Ricardo, Say et Malthus, l'un des défenseurs les plus cohérents d'une économie politique articulant d'une manière rationnelle ce que Sen appelle aujourd'hui economics as engineering et economics as ethics, d'une économie politique comme science sociale. En effet, avec Malthus, Ricardo et Say, Sismondi est l'un des quatre grands de la seconde génération des économistes classiques du début du XIXe siècle. Ses débats avec Ricardo et Say sur l'équilibre macroéconomique et ses plaidoyers en faveur d'une théorie économique non exclusivement abstraite et déductive en font l'un des partisans les plus convaincants d'une coordination interdisciplinaire étroite entre les 'siamois' smithiens que sont la théorie de la richesse sociale et la théorie des 'sentiments moraux' (moral sentiments). Pour Sismondi, l'économie politique n'est qu'une partie, certes importante, mais une partie seulement des sciences sociales. Plan de l'édition complète :

I. Tableau de l'agriculture toscane et autres écrits (été 2015)

II. De la Richesse commerciale (paru juin 2012) XLV + 389 p.

III. Écrits d'économie politique 1798-1815 (paru juin 2012) 450 p.

IV. Écrits d'économie politique 1816-1842 (été 2013)

V. Nouveaux Principes d'économie politique (été 2013)

VI. Études sur les sciences sociales (été 2014)

Determinants and effects of short-term dynamic and issue ownership
2017 - 2020
Applicant : Pascal Sciarini (UNIGE), Anke Tresch
The purpose of our research project is to study the determinants and effects of the short-term dynamics of issue ownership at the individual level in the context of the 2015 parliamentary election campaign in Switzerland. First we assume that citizens' perception of issue salience and of parties' issue ownership fluctuates during the electoral campaign as a result of parties' campaign activities and issue attention in the media. Second, we hypothesize that these fluctuations influence the stability and change of vote choice. This project will further our understanding about the differences between the associative and competence dimensions of issue ownership perceptions, with respect to the degree to which they can be changed, in which way, and with what effects on the vote choice. These findings will also have important implications for the way in which we think about election campaigns and their effects, and about parties' potentials to strategically influence voters' perceptions of issue salience and issue ownership in order to win additional votes.

Networks or good campaigns? Electoral success of Swiss candidates in the 2015 elections
2015 - 2018 (37 mois)
Applicant : Georg Lutz, André Mach (co-)
Other partners : André Mach, Primavesi Riccardo
This project studies the impact of networks and campaigning of candidates running for national elections in Switzerland in the 2015 elections on their electoral success.This project will contribute to understanding better how candidates compete in elections and what matters for them to get preference votes and to get elected. Candidates play a crucial role in many electoral democracies, because they are the direct link between voters and decision-making processes within parties, in parliaments and governments. Therefore, to understand more about how candidates compete and what matters for their success is essential to understand the process of representation. We will look at the role of candidates in Switzerland.

DeFacto - A Political Science Online Platform (Agora project)
2015 - 2017 (26 mois)
Applicant : Fabrizio Gilardi, Georg Lutz (co-)
The objective of the project was to create an online publication platform to publish articles on Swiss political science research for the politically interested public. The platform was a response to the growing gap between the theoretical and methodological re-quirements of international scientific publications in social sciences and the interest of a wider public.
Link to the online publication platform DeFacto

Les stratégies des partis politiques et la dynamique de la compétition électorale dans les démocraties multipartites
2014 - 2018 (48 mois)
Applicant : Anke Tresch
Party strategies and the dynamics of electoral competition in multiparty democracies
The overall aim of my project is to explain why political parties choose the election campaign strategies they do. The project argues that political parties compete with each other on four related dimensions of electoral competition: the issues that dominate the election campaign and get public attention, the policy positions that win the support of the electorate, the frames that define what is at stake with the issue, and the party images that influence public perceptions of party competence and commitment. Previous research has developed on each aspect of party competition, but has largely failed to analyze how the different dimensions are connected. This is a major shortcoming: by focusing on selected dimensions of electoral competition, previous scholarship has neglected that a) all parties do not emphasize every dimension to the same extent, and b) that parties do not necessarily choose the same strategies when faced with any given issue; while some may shift their policy positions, others may try to reframe the debate in a more favorable way, or shift attention toward party images. Hence, a major challenge for this project is to develop a unified theoretical framework that offers a more comprehensive view on parties' campaign strategies, and the dynamic interplay between them. Empirically, the project investigates parties' campaign strategies, and their dynamic interplay, from a cross-national comparative perspective. It builds on a most similar systems design and focuses on three countries - Switzerland, Belgium, and Germany - that differ with regard to the dominant structure of competition for government office. In each country, the analysis focuses on the two most recent national elections and all parties with parliamentary representation. To offer a comprehensive and compelling examination of parties' campaign strategies, the project evaluates its theoretical expectations using a variety of different data sources and m

Why Stand Up for Others ? A Comparative Study of Political Altruism and Contentious Participation
2009 - 2012 (36 mois)
Applicant : Florence Passy
Other partners : Gian-Andrea Monsch
FNS funding until 2012.

Research continues until 2018 (publications).

Political Consequences of Attitudes Toward the Welfare State
2005 - 2008
Applicant : Klaus Armingeon (Université de Berne)
Other partners : Nathalie Giger (Université de Berne)

Adhésion de la Suisse à l'Union Européenne: Formation et dynamique des opinions
2003 - 2005
Applicant : Lionel Marquis
Other partners : Karin Gilland, Jean-Charles Brotons

Bypassing the Nation State? How Swiss Cantonal Parliaments Deal with International Obligations
2019 - 2023 (48 mois)
Applicant : Martino Maggetti, Evelyne Schmid
Other partners : Jonathan Miaz, Constance Kaempfer, Matthieu Niederhauser
Today, international law frequently requires legislation by domestic parliaments. Yet, a thorny problem that international law continues to face is precisely its limited ability to influence the behaviour of domestic legislators and the 'relative impermeability of national systems to international legal imperatives' (Cassese 2012, 188). Moreover, the expansion of international law and its shift away from regulating interstate relations towards a complex system of governance virtually concerning all societal domains has sparked opposition. Starting with the premise that 'the future of international law is domestic' (Slaughter and Burke-White, 2006), we claim that the challenges at the intersection of international obligations and domestic legal realities are particularly acute with respect to parliamentary processes located at the subnational level. Domestic legislatures, let alone subnational parliaments, have, however, been largely overlooked so far both internationally and in Switzerland and existing research has predominantly focused on courts rather than on domestic legislative actors. Although the literature recognises the importance of national and subnational legislative actors for the effectiveness of international law, when and how cantonal legislatures engage with international obligations has not yet been systematically studied.To fill this gap, we are building a research team of legal and political science researchers to answer two tightly connected questions. First, we want to find out through which formal and informal mechanisms cantonal parliaments and other actors involved in cantonal legislative processes engage with international obligations that require them to legislate and that are contained in two sets of international treaties: i) selected obligations related to the protection of human rights of particularly vulnerable individuals (such as Travellers, persons with disabilities, or undocumented minors) and ii) selected obligations from the bilateral agreements between Switzerland and the EU.

Performance-Information Use in Switzerland: Do Organizational Climate and Cooperation Among Actors Matter?
2019 - 2023 (48 mois)
Applicant : Giauque David
This research is centered on specifying and testing a research model that links whether and how performance-information use is created, to how it is used. Two drivers in the model are organizational climate and cooperation among actors-namely, how they relate to each other, and the extent to which these three groups see their working relationships as being cooperative or not.The main objectives of this research are linked to two important research questions. The first one deals with the relationships among council members, high civil servants, and field civil
servants, and the extent to which these relationships are grounded on a positive climate and cooperative behaviors. The second one is related to the drivers and barriers of performance-information use at the local government level. Previous scientific literature has indicated that the relationships among actors are important to consider when explaining the development and use of performance information in public organizations. Using a mixed methods approach, we will gather quantitative as well as qualitative data to answer the research questions. In the first step, we will compile a data set via a structured survey of elected officials, high civil servants, and field civil servants in samples of Swiss municipalities. This data set will allow us to conduct statistical analyses to estimate the relationships among local government performance-information use and the explanatory variables in the research model. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the causal relationships among the variables, we will proceed with a case study research as well as with the statistical first phase. Thus, the second phase of this research will include a component that uses qualitative case study methods to elaborate on behavioral models of local-government performance-information use in selected local governments to validate the survey-based perceptions and modelbased
linkages.

Employees' performance and well-being in different contexts: Do New Ways of Working matter?
2019 - 2022 (36 mois)
Applicant : Giauque David, Emery Yves

Integration of the Swiss Energy System into the European Energy Policy
2018 - 2019 (12 mois)
Applicant : Matthias Finger, Manuel Fischer, Martino Maggetti and Géraldine Pflieger
This project will identify the main characteristics of the current and expected future energy policies of Switzerland and Europe. For this purpose it will study Switzerland's and Europe's energy policies from the point of view of governance. It will analyse not only the formalised rules, but also the institutions, the formal and informal political processes and the interactions between governmental and non-governmental players.

When and why do governments integrate policy sectors? A comparative analysis of eleven countries and four policy areas
2016 - 2019 (36 mois)
Applicant : Martino Maggetti
Other partners : Philipp Trein, Iris Meyer
Depuis quelques années, les gouvernements des pays développés ont commencé à re-intégrer certains secteurs de politiques publiques, surtout dans des domaines considérés comme prioritaires. Par exemple, la politique de la santé fait l'objet de tentatives de coordination accrue avec la politique en matière de migration. Ce projet vise à étudier ces nouvelles dynamiques.

Professionalisation of sports federations in Switzerland: origins, forms and consequences
2014 - 2018 (48 mois)
Applicant : Emmanuel Bayle
Other partners : Siegfried Nagel et David Giauque
International, national federations and their clubs are non profit organisations whith social and com-mercial activities. They are key actors in the relationships within the sports system as well as with the world outside the system : state, sponsors, media. They are facing actually great challenges : growing competition in top-level sports, the democratisation of sports with "sports for all" and sports as the answer to social problems (integration, education, health, unemployment, etc.). In this context, profes-sionalising sports organisations seems to be an appropriate strategy to solve these challenges and cur-rent problems. In the research project, we define the professionalisation of sports organisations as an organisational process leading towards organizational rationalisation, efficiency and project manage-ment. The recruitment of paid staff in 82 national sports federations in charge of 20 000 clubs is ex-panding rapidly in Switzerland (more than 10% in the last 6 years). This potential for growth in paid staff is also very important for most of the international federations whith headquarters in Switzerland. Within the sport federations, this has led to a profound organizational change, characterized by includ-ing the strengthening of institutional management and the implementation of efficiency-based man-agement instruments in the sport organization. That's why the purpose of the research project is to understand modalities, consequences of professionalisation of national and international sport govern-ing bodies in Switzerland and their dynamics notably during the last decade. Most former researches, mainly in anglo-saxon countries, have not establish a global comprehension and theory about how sport organisations and non-profit organisations professionnalise and with which consequences. That's why, we are interested in the following main research questions:

1) How do (sports non-profit) organisations professionalise? (origins and forms of professionalisa-tion)
2) What are the effects of professiona

Lobbying, litigation and direct democracy: comparing advocacy strategies of interest groups in Switzerland and California
2014 - 2017 (36 mois)
Applicant : Frédéric Varone et André Mach

Access for citizen-consumers to decisions relating to the sustainability of food systems
2014 - 2017 (36 mois)
Applicant : Jean-Philippe Leresche

Le contrôle démocratique sur la gouvernance privée transnationale
2013 - 2017 (48 mois)
Applicant : Fabrizio Gilardi, Martino Maggetti, Ioannis Papadopoulos
The globalization process goes with more demand for regulation and coordination at the international and transnational levels. In the last two decades, major changes have taken place in the modes of such regulation. There has been a proliferation of transnational networks of regulatory agencies in different policy domains. Furthermore, private forms of governance have developed. Examples of such transnational, private regulatory bodies are companies (e.g., rating agencies), private organizations (e.g., the International Accounting Standards Board), private standard-setting bodies (e.g., the International Organization for Standardization), non-profit organizations (e.g., the Forest Stewardship Council), and multi-stakeholder platforms (e.g., the United Nations Global Compact).

Some of these private actors are considered to be extremely powerful and relevant for global governance. Although the rules they issue are deliberately voluntary, they may be de facto binding and even become incorporated into "hard law". Often they provide normative guidance for the elaboration and preparation of domestic legislation and are eventually included in national laws.
A significant and increasing share of policy making is thus carried out by private bodies that are neither elected - which would make them directly accountable to citizens - nor embedded in democratic institutions. However, these non-public actors make rules that involve collectively binding decisions. How do such forms of private governance affect democratic policy-making? To whom are these private bodies accountable? And how can transnational, private governance be democratically controlled?

Change structure and structure of change: academic curricula production in Switzerland and Bologna reform
2013 - 2015 (36 mois)
Applicant : Leresche Jean-Philippe
Other partners : Adriana Gorga, Vaia Fouradoulas

Impact study of the new modes of management on the health and satisfaction at work of managers in the French-speaking Switzerland hospital environ
2011 - 2013 (24 mois)
Applicant : Véronique Haberey-Knuessi
Other partners : Jean-Luc Heeb et David Giauque

Internationalisation, Mediatization, and the Accountability of Independent Regulatory Agencies, NCCR Democracy
2009 - 2013
Applicant : Fabrizio Gilardi, Yannis Papadopoulos
Other partners : Martino Maggetti
Following the privatization of former state-owned enterprises and the liberalization of markets in recent decades, regulation has become an important public policy, whose responsibility has in many cases been delegated to independent agencies. During the past 15 years, these regulatory agencies have become powerful actors in the governance of different policy domains across Europe and beyond. A significant and increasing share of policy making is thus carried out by institutions that are not elected, are independent from elected politicians and insulated from democratic institutions. These developments pose serious challenges for democratic accountability.
National regulatory agencies are increasingly embedded in international, interdependent networks of regulators, whose establishment is promoted by supranational bodies such as the EU Commission. This project examines whether networks significantly contribute to the promotion of "best practices" among these agencies through "peer pressure" and mutual accountability. To analyze this is crucial for assessing and improving the performance of regulators.
Furthermore, in order to assess the public accountability of regulatory agencies, the project also studies their communication practices targeted at the media, governments, and other actors that are likely to monitor and evaluate their performance. With its research results, the project aims to increase public awareness about the regulatory activity of agencies and to contribute to the improvement of their performance and their democratic accountability.

Is it possible to motivate agents with public service? Test of the public service motivation concept to the Swiss context
2007 - 2010 (36 mois)
Applicant : David Giauque
Other partners : Frédéric Varone et Adrian Ritz

European Programs

Policies for Research and Innovation in the Move towards the European Research Area (PRIME)
2004 - 2008
PRIME was a network of excellence to develop long-term research and shared infrastructures on policies for research and innovation in the move towards the European Research Area (ERA); the overall objective of PRIME was to carry out the research and related structural actions needed to underpin policies for research and innovation in the move towards the European Research Area (ERA).

Network of Excellence "CONNEX": "Connecting Excellence on European Governance" (6e PCRD-UE)
2006 - 2009
Applicant : Ioannis Papadopoulos
Participation au réseau, co-responsable du thème "Accountability in multi-level systems" dans le cadre du Research Group 2: "Democratic governance and multilevel accountability"

Fonds pour l'organisation de workshops et d'une conférence thématique sur l'Accountability.
Fonds complémentaire du Secrétariat d'Etat à la Recherche en Suisse

Other Projects

Public Order Policing in Europe. towards a De escalation model
2019 - 2020 (18 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Défenseur des droits, autorité constitutionnelle indépendante (France)
Applicant : Olivier Fillieule
Other partners : Fabien Jobard, Andréa Kretschmann, Anne Wuilleumier

Ethnopol - Ethnographie politique
2015 - 2017

Pro-life Movements in Italy
2013 - 2013
grant-giving organisation : Bureau de l'Egalité UNIL (Switzerland)
Applicant : Martina Avanza

Atlantic diagonals: online glossary of international political economy
2019 - 2020 (12 mois)
grant-giving organisation : UNIL - Fonds d'Innovation Pédagogique (FIP) (Switzerland)
Applicant : Jean-Christophe Graz
Other partners : Jean-Marie Chenou, Nils Moussu, Céine Yousefzai
Political science students have contributed to the creation of a glossary of international political economy. This bilingual French-Spanish tool is now available online (https://sepia2.unil.ch/wp/diagonal/).
It is the fruit of a pedagogical initiative aimed at establishing a close teaching collaboration between Jean-Christophe Graz, from the Institute of Political Studies of the University of Lausanne (Switzerland), and Jean-Marie Chenou, from the Department of Political Science of the Universidad de los Andes in Bogota (Colombia). The project was further supported by students from the Centre for Integration and Globalisation Studies (CEIM) at the University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM).
As a field of study focused on the links between the economic and the political in international relations, international political economy is interdisciplinary by nature and draws on theories that aim at understanding power issues of a transnational economy operating in a system of fragmented authority between sovereign states and other political bodies able to influence the functioning of markets. How can we facilitate the teaching of this field of international relations to political science students?
The students and teachers involved in this project, supported by the Pedagogical Innovation Fund of the University of Lausanne and the Special Initiatives Fund of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Universidad de los Andes in Bogota, describe in a video (in French and Spanish) the different stages of the project as well as its pedagogical value (see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXoGln8Qz8A).
The glossary may be extended with new entries and languages as a result of future collaborations. Those interested in being involved can contact the initiators of the project.

Where is transnational regulation determined? Development priorities and trade agreements beyond and within the Nation-States
2016 - 2018 (12 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Secrétariat d'Etat à la formation, à la recherche et à l'innovation (SEFRI)
Applicant : Jean-Christophe Graz
Indo-Swiss Joint Research Programme in the Social Sciences
Collaboration avec Prof. Dr. Smita Srinivas, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)

RUN 2018: Researching the United Nations and other International Organizations
2017
Applicant : Fanny Badache, Emilie Dairon, Leah Kimber, Lucile Maertens
International conference organised by the University of Geneva, the University of Lausanne and Sciences Po Lyon.
Several publication projects emerge from that first conference.
https://www.unige.ch/run2018/

Podcasts as a teaching, learning and evaluation tool in social sciences
2016 - 2017 (6 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Fond d'innovation pédagogique de l'Université de Lausanne (Switzerland)
Applicant : Rahel Kunz
Other partners : Maria Ruxandra Stoicescu

The Political Economy of Remittances in Nepal and Beyond
2016 - 2016 (12 mois)
grant-giving organisation : ETH, EPFL, Swiss Confederation: State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Nepal)
Applicant : Rahel Kunz
This seed funding project focused on the development potential and financialisation of remittances in Nepal. It had two objectives: to extend and consolidate an existing partnership between two researchers and two institutions, the Institut d'Etudes Politiques, Historiques et Internationales (IEPHI) of the University of Lausanne (represented by Dr. Rahel Kunz) and the Masters in International Relations and Diplomacy Program, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University (MIRD) (represented by Lekh Nath Paudel). The second objective was to develop an international research project, building on previous research. To this end, two exploratory workshops on "The Political Economy of Remittances in Nepal and Beyond" were organised, the first in Kathmandu (28-29 April 2016) and the second in Lausanne (18-19 July 2016). The submitted research project on "The financialisation of remittances" was accepted for funding by the SNF and started in August 2017.

ClimaCOP: Climatise the world, globalize the climate
2014 - 2017
COP21 collaborative ethnography -Paris, December 2015
https://climacop.hypotheses.org/

How Search Engines Frame Collective Memory, WWI Commemorated and Reprocessed a Century After
2014 - 2015
grant-giving organisation : CROSS Unil & EPFL (Switzerland)
Applicant : Stéfanie Prezioso, Frédéric Kaplan (EPFL), Olivier Glassey (ISS)
The project analyzes how the collective memory of the First World War is mirrored online on the occasion its centenary. This research investigates over several months how Googles search engine offers automated suggestions (auto-completion) associated with this major historical event. Our goal is to discover whether themes and historiographical debates surrounding the commemoration of the First World War (reconciliation, memory, etc.) are represented and have an impact on the suggestion process aimed to at facilitating the search for information online. The challenge is to better understand the new forms of production of collective memory that hybridize algorithms and social processes.

Governance by contract? The impact of the International Finance Corporation's social conditionality on worker organization and social dialogue
2013 - 2014 (24 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Swiss network for international studies (Switzerland)
Applicant : Jean-Christophe Graz
Other partners : Conor Cradden (Co-Coordinator, Unil), Frank Hoffer (Assoc. member, ILO), Layna Mosley (Assoc. member, U North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Christoph Scherrer (Assoc. member, U Kassel), Fiona Murie (Assoc. Member, Building and Woodworkers International)
The International Labour Organization has argued that participatory mechanisms are vital in times of heightened social tension and are critical to recovery from the economic and financial crisis. Hence for the ILO, a key principle underpinning a socially sustainable exit from the crisis is that of freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining. Two ILO Conventions (87 and 98) address this issue. However, the capacity of treaty-based international organizations like the ILO effectively to promote compliance with social and environmental sustainability standards using the 'soft' policy levers and enforcement mechanisms traditionally available to them has been questioned.
The performance standards system of International Finance Corporation - the institution of the World Bank Group in charge of the private sector - has been described as "the new international benchmark standard for environmental and social performance of the private sector in developing countries" and appears to address many of the difficulties that have been identified with more established approaches to standards compliance enforcement. In this project we ask whether the IFC performance standards system might be an effective means of promoting compliance with the labour standard of freedom of association. We aim to discover whether the performance standards have had any impact on the degree to which the employees of IFC client businesses join or form independent workers' organizations; and, where workers' organizations exist, what impact the performance standards have had on the nature and degree of social dialogue - collective consultation and collective bargaining - that takes place within client businesses.

Governance by contract? The impact of the International Finance Corporation's social conditionality on worker organization and social dialogue
2013 - 2015 (26 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Swiss Network for International Studies (Switzerland)
Applicant : Jean-Christophe Graz
The performance standards system of International Finance Corporation - the institution of the World Bank Group in charge of the private sector - has been described as "the new international benchmark standard for environmental and social performance of the private sector in developing countries" and appears to address many of the difficulties that have been identified with more established approaches to standards compliance enforcement. In this project we ask whether the IFC performance standards system might be an effective means of promoting compliance with the labour standard of freedom of association. We aim to discover whether the performance standards have had any impact on the degree to which the employees of IFC client businesses join or form independent workers' organizations; and, where workers' organizations exist, what impact the performance standards have had on the nature and degree of social dialogue - collective consultation and collective bargaining - that takes place within client businesses.
The project uses both qualitative and quantitative methods. In order to complement existing data, it proceeds on the basis of around one hundred separate surveys of firms, of their workers and their unions worldwide. It also makes use of several case studies.

Research Group on Multilateral Action (GRAM)
2012 - 2016
grant-giving organisation : Association française de science politique (France)
Applicant : Delphine Placidi-Frot et Charles Tenenbaum
Active participation to the GRAM's acivities: research seminars, collaborative publications, organization of scientific events
http://www.afsp.info/archives/groupe_projet/archivesgp20122015/gram.html

INTERNORM : Pôle interactif des savoirs dans les processus de normalisation internationale
2010 - 2014
grant-giving organisation : Fondation Anthropos et Direction de l'UNIL (Switzerland)
Applicant : Jean-Christophe Graz
Other partners : Christophe Hauert; Danielle Buetschi, Alain Kaufmann, Marc AUdetat
INTERNORM is a three year pilot project funded by the University of Lausanne (2010-2013). It is conceived as an interactive knowledge center based on the sharing of academic skills and the experiences accumulated by the civil society (especially consumer associations, environmental associations and trade unions) in order to strengthen the participatory process of standardization. The project provides cognitive ressources to civil society actors through the involvement of experts from the University as well as a financial support for their participation in committees - membership fees, travels and accommodation costs.
See: http://www.unil.ch/vei/page85912.html

Les Présents des Passés
2009 - 2012
grant-giving organisation : ANR (France)
Applicant : Frédéric Rousseau (Université de Montpellier 3)
Other partners : Stéfanie Prezioso
Le dialogue des mémoires est l'une des conditions du succès de la construction d'espaces pacifiés et pacifiques. L'Europe, les Européens,sont en quête, ne cesse-t-on de lire ici et là, d'une identité commune. Les débats enflammés sur le Traité constitutionnel ont reflété cette réalité. Dans ce contexte,le programme intitulé Les présents des passés se propose d'aborder les rapports complexes et souvent tendus entre histoire, mémoire, patrimoine et sociétés en Europe au travers d'objets encore récemment étonnamment peu étudiés par les historiens:les musées, entendus au sens large (musées d'histoire et espaces muséifiés), dont le nombre ne cesse de croître les musées,lieux d'histoire et de mémoire, espaces à la fois scientifiques et/ou identitaires,qui sont aujourd'hui devenus à la fois des lieux de consommation culturelle de masse,des entreprises commerciales mais aussi des enjeux politiques, et scolaires, de premier ordre.

Emotions in a Globalized World
2008 - 2012 (48 mois)
grant-giving organisation : United Nations University (Tokyo & New York), Fondation Anthropos, Support recherche Décanat SSP & Affaires culturelles (Université of Lausanne) (Switzerland)
Applicant : Yohan Ariffin, co-requérant: Jean-Marc Coicaud

Migration Partnerships: A Step towards the Global Governance of International Migration?
2008 - 2010
grant-giving organisation : SNIS, Département Fédéral des Affaires Etrangères, Office Fédéral des Migrations (Switzerland)

The Comparative Candidate Survey (CCS)

The Comparative Candidate Survey (CCS) is a joint multi-national project with the goal of collecting data on candidates running for national parliamentary elections in different countries using a common core questionnaire to allow for cross-country comparison. Data collection comprises surveys among candidates as well as relevant context information concerning the constituency of the candidate and the political system at large.
Georg Lutz is member of the CSS steering committee since 2012 and director of the CSS Swiss study since 2007.
Website: www.comparativecandidates.org

Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES)

The CSES is a collaborative program of research among election study teams from around the world. Participating countries and provinces include a common module of survey questions in their post-election studies. The resulting data are deposited along with voting, demographic, district and macro/electoral system variables. The studies are then merged into a single, free, public dataset for use in comparative study and cross-level analysis.
Georg Lutz is member of the planning committee of CSES since 2014.
Website: www.cses.org

What is Governed in Cities: Residential Investment Landscapes and the Governance and Regulation of Housing Production
2019 - 2022
Applicant : Mike Raco (UCL)
Other partners : Julie Pollard
This project draws on a precise comparative, inter-disciplinary methodology to examine the inter-relationships between contemporary investment flows into the housing markets of major metropolitan centers and the governance arrangements and public policy instruments that are designed to regulate them.
Our case studies are the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area, Greater London, and Grand Paris. The project asks what is governed in major cities and draws on two streams of analysis: mapping and explaining the types of investment that are shaping housing production in the 3 cities; and developing understandings of the effectiveness of public policy instruments that are in place to regulate them.
The project is timely as major cities have been faced with unprecedented development pressures as their populations and economies have expanded and their built environments have become highly attractive locations for global investment. These pressures have been particularly acute in the production and consumption of housing, where the impacts of investments on markets, citizens, and places are generating a widely perceived crisis and set of governmental challenges to produce affordable housing.

Wealth inequalities and the dynamics of housing market : Interpreting real-estate market-based regime of spatial inequalities
2019 - 2022
Applicant : Renaud Le Goix (Univ. Paris Diderot)
Other partners : Julie Pollard
The project analyzes growing socio-economic inequalities induced by property prices inflation. Housing prices have increased faster than the income of buyers in most of post-industrial city-regions. Real estate has become a major driver of these inequalities because the flows of household real estate investments are instrumental to the dynamics of asset capitalization. The project structures a multidisciplinary research group to investigate the systemic dimension of inequalities induced by the dynamics of French housing markets and their political and financial context since the end of the 1990s. In French metropolitan areas, the most salient dynamics for the last two decades have been a continuous and steep increase in property prices and a steady increase of homeownership, analyzed as a « resilient bubble », and therefore described as a new price regime.

The following paradox has emerged in the post-financial crisis era: while the evolution of both price to income ratio (i.e. affordability index) and rent to price ratio should discourage homebuyers and investors in metropolitan areas, housing markets have remained active and the price trend did not reverse. We assume this situation is linked to many parameters, from the national level (financial and credit affordability conditions, pro-homeownership policies, shift toward asset-based welfare) to the local level (pro-market housing policies, spatial differentiation of housing prices). Our research question stems from this analysis: to what extent contemporary social inequality is shaped by one's relationship to housing markets? We will examine it through three overlapping dimensions: urban policies to promote the production of residential real estate; local access and affordability to participate in that market; specific trajectories of wealth accumulated through home ownership - and its attendant effects on urban policies.

Rethinking Stakeholder Participation in International Governance
2015 - 2017
grant-giving organisation : SNIS (Switzerland)
Applicant : Tim Büthe, Martino Maggetti, Joost Pauwelyn
To address current_date's highly complex and rapidly evolving cross-border problems, countries and other stakeholders are increasingly resorting to case-by-case networks, expert- driven bodies or club-like arrangements. Given the rigidity of formal treaties and formal international organisations (IOs) such new forms of governance can more efficiently respond to volatility and more easily adapt and innovate. However, one side effect of such rapid-response arrangements is that they may not sufficiently take account of external stakeholders who are outside of the arrangement but nonetheless impacted by it.
This project will, in a hands-on, practical way, identify and carefully map the different responses to legitimacy challenges raised by external stakeholders in a series of selected formal and informal governance arrangements, focusing on health and finance. The project seeks to establish and explain the variation in institutional reforms, including the lack of reforms in some cases. It aims to understand the effectiveness of institutional reforms in terms of actually increasing external stakeholder input and the perceived legitimacy of the global body's governance among those external stakeholders. Finally, the research will assess the effect of introducing these participation mechanisms on the process and the efficiency of rule-making and, on that basis, propose a set of best practices and practical guidelines.

Motivating Employees and Volunteers..
2010 - 2012 (22 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Swiss Network for International Studies (Switzerland)
Applicant : David Giauque
Other partners : Prof. Frédéric Varone (UNIGE); Prof. Simon Hug (UNIGE), Ursula Haefliger (UNIZH), Simon Anderfuhren-Biget (UNIGE)
"Motivating Employees and Volunteers in International Organizations: Do Values Matter?".
International organizations (IOs) face particular challenges when it comes to their workforce. They comprise permanent employees, interns and field volunteers. At the same time, the personnel comes from diverse cultural backgrounds and works mostly as an expatriate workforce in headquarters or in the field. Understanding what motivates this diverse workforce and how this affects outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, performance etc. is thus of considerable importance. The present research project proposes to study these motivations, their antecedents and consequences, by drawing on two strands of the literature, namely the work on Public Service Motivation (PSM) and on Volunteer Motivation (VM). This project tries to identify the combination of factors explaining why employees and volunteers of IOs show various levels of work motivation. In particular, it focuses on the impacts of values, considered here as "higher order drives", on work motivation. The research question is: "To what extent does the fit between personal values and organizational values of an IO contribute to the work motivation of its employees and volunteers?"

CRUS-CUS/B-05 Colloques
2009 - 2013 (48 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Conférence des recteurs des universités suisses (CRUS) (Switzerland)
Applicant : Jean-Philippe Leresche, Olivier Glassey
Other partners : Olivier Moeschler

La coordination interuniversitaire sur le Bassin lémanique (1990-2010)
2008 - 2011 (36 mois)
grant-giving organisation : UNIL, UNIGE, EPFL, Fondation Leenaards, Fondation Louis-Jeantet (Switzerland)
Applicant : Leresche Jean-Philippe
Other partners : F. Joye-Cagnard, M. Benninghoff, R. Ramuz

d'évaluation du programme de l'instrument « Contributions liées à des projets » (2004-2007)
2007 - 2008 (18 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Conférence universitaire suisse (CUS) (Switzerland)
Applicant : Leresche J.-Ph., Benninghoff M., Goastellec G.
Other partners : F. Joye-Cagnard, R. Ramuz, Ph. Sormani

Inventaire des standards minimaux relatifs au doctorat
2007 - 2008 (6 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Conférence des recteurs des universités suisses (CRUS) (Switzerland)
Applicant : Leresche Jean-Philippe
Other partners : Baschung Lukas

Evaluation de la réorganisation des Départements fédéraux en matière de formation, recherche et innovation
2006 - 2007 (13 mois)
grant-giving organisation : Conseil suisse de la science et de la technologie (CSST) (Switzerland)
Applicant : Braun D., Leresche J.-Ph.
Other partners : Th. Griessen, L. Baschung, Benninghoff M.

Contracts and Mandates

Assessment of BREF projects funded by the Gebert Rüf Stiftung

2011 - 2012
grant-giving organisation : Gebert Rüf Stiftung (Switzerland)
Applicant : David Giauque
Other partners : Karl Weber

Image of the City of Fribourg by its inhabitants

2010 - 2010
grant-giving organisation : Ville de Fribourg (Switzerland)
Applicant : Laurent Houmard et Jean-Christophe Zuchuat (HEG-Fribourg)
Other partners : David Giauque (UNIL) et Nicolas Babey (HEG-Neuchâtel)